Pneumatic drill



1N0 Model.)

J. H. MANNING. PNEUMATIG DRILL.

5 Sheets-Sheet 1 Patented Oct. 5,1897;

NNNumuf i v Mf -M {W ar-$32;

(No Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 2.

J. H. MANNING. PNEUMATIC DRILL.

No. 591,284, Patented Oct. 5,1891

CT I 5 191i 17 C I W 4? J Jg T i c T z 6 Y 5 I" I z" 6 1' 0" I (No Model.)

5 ShetS-SheBt 3.1"

J. H. MANNING. PNEUMATIC DRILL.

Patented Oct. 5,1897

(No Model.) 5 sneetsfsheetki. I J. H. MANNING.

PNEUMATIC DRILL. No. 591,284. 1 Patented Oct. 5,189 7.

(No Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 5.

J, H; MANNING. PNEUMATIC DRILL.

No. 591,284 Patented 001;. 5,1897.

UNrT D STATES PATENT OFFICE.

7 JAMES H. MANNING, OF OMAHA, NEBRASKA.

PNEUMATIC DRILL.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 591,284, dated October 5, 1897. Application filed July 9,1896. Serial No. 698,524. (No model.)

To all, whom it may concern.-

-ie it known that I, JAMES H. MANNING,

' a citizen of the United States, residing at Omaha, int-he county of Douglas, in the State of Nebraska, have invented a certain new and usefulPneum'atic Drill, 'of which the following is'a description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this. specification.

While I have termed my machine a pneumatic-drill, its use is not restricted to drill- 1 ing, as will be hereinafter explained.

' The object of my invention is to provide a light, portable, self-contained machine embodyingan engine operated by compressed air. or steam (preferably the former) to 'drive a rotary shaft fitted with a connection to engage suitable sockets to receive drills, taps, reamers, and other tools ,and provided with a hand feeding device and with a simple reversing-gear, so that the machine may be equipped with drills, taps, reamers, or other suitable tools for the work to be done and so that a bolt or nut having either a right or left hand thread may be driven in either direction, the whole machine to be of such design that it will be suitable for machine-shop work or for bridge,'boiler, and miscellaneous structural work, and which may. lee-readily handied by the workman and held in any position necessary for the work and be equally eifective in operation, whether in vertical,.

horizontal, or other position.

Having thus indicated thegeneral nature of my invention, I will proceed to describe the particular embodiment of it illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which-- Figure 1 is an elevation of the machine facingthe main exhaust-pipe and at right angles to the air-inlet pipe; Fig. 2, a vertical sectionapproximately on the line 2 2 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 2, a detail view of the removable'handie; Figs. 3 and 4, sectional plan views on 7 the line 3 3 of Fig. 1, showing the reversinggear in different positions; Fig. 5, an enlarged detail viewapproximately on the line 5 5 of Fig. 6, showing the eccentric valve and the ports controlled by it; Fig. 6, a vertical Section on the line 6 U-of Fig. 5; Fig. 7, a detail view of the eccentric of the valve; Fig. 8, a .bott-om plan View of the machine with the lower head of tho cyliuder or body and parts .by a removable head C, bolted to the under side of the body A. Radiating from the cylindrical body A, at angles of one hundred and twenty degrees from each other, are the three cylinders I) D D". The upper and lower heads B C of the body A are provided with central bores, through which extend the op posite ends of a crankshaft E, whose middle eccentric portion is surrounded by the inner ends of the connecting-rods F, which are jointed at their outer ends to the pistons-G within the respective cylinders, said pistons in the present instance being cup-sh aped and provided with the usual snap-rings H and with ears or jaws I, between which the outer ends of the connecting-rods F are pivoted.

The inner ends of the connecting-rods F are forked to straddle one another upon the crank-shaft R; as seen in Figs. 2-and 6. The crank-shaft E is formed of two separate parts, which are connected at a, Figs. 2 and 6, where, as indicated by the dotted lines, the upper end of the middle eccentric portion of the shaft fits in an eye in the upper arm of the shaft. This middle portion of the crankshaft between its two arms is surrounded by a bushing or sleeve 1), aroun which the inner ends of the connecting-rods F fit, while .the bores in the heads 13 and 0, through which the opposite ends of the crank-shaft pass, are likewise provided with sleeves or bushings c.

The head 13 has bolted to its upper side a cylindrical cap or valve-box J, the space within which above the top of the head l3v contacts with the lower shoulder of the dog fore, when the motive fluid is admitted to the machine the crank -shaft will be driven in the (III'QCtlOII-Of the arrow in Fig. 3, so that the direction of motionwill be the reverse of that in FigsA and 5. (The springs X are omitted in Figs. 3 and 4 to better show the parts beneath them.)

the ddg and is engaged by the spring X, ad-

' f It will be understood that inasmuch as the hand 4 wheel U is fast to the eccentric R, While the dog \V is fast upon the crank-shaft, and inasmuch as the springs -X firmly connect the hand-wheel and dog together when the hand-wheel is turned to its limit of move ment in either direction and brought into contactwith one or-the other shoulder of the dog, the hand-wheel and eccentric are connected with the crank-shaft and turn with the latter in whichever direction it may be driven,an'd that when it'is desired to reverse the direction of motion all that is necessary isto stop the machine and disengage :the spring X of the dog W from the pin V of the. hand-wheel and turn the latter until its pin abuts against the opposite shoulder-of jaccnt thereto.

Bolted to the under side of the cylindrical body of the machine bybo'lts passed through thehe'ad Ciand entering the shell A is a I yoke A, Figs. 1 and 2, in the bridge of which journalcd in the head 0.

. yok'e', Fig. 2, is journaled a short shaft 13,

which has keyed upon itsupper end, immediately above the bridge of the yoke, a gearwheel 0. The shaft 13" is the shaft to which the socket for receiving the tap, drill, or bolt is secured, and it. is driven from the crank- .tical shaft or spindle F, whose upper end is This shaft F has "fast upon ,it, immediately below the head C,

1 a gear-wheel G, which meshes with a pinion 'll, keyed upon the crank-shaft E immedi- --atcly belowthe head 6, while formed upon theshaft or spindle F, below the gca-rG, is a 6o pinion I, which meshes with the gear-wheel 0.", which is keyed upon the upper end of --,the shal't 13, as heretofore described.

- this mannerand by these means the-shaft B is driven by the shaft E and at a much lower speed than the latter. The upper end of the shaft 13 is bored out to receive the reduced lower end of the'shaft E, which fits within theshait l5 and terminates at the point indicated by the dotted line at d in Fig. 2.

The bridge of the yoke A' is provided upon its under side with a deep circular groove concentric to the shaft I3 to receive the hardened ringJ and the balls K, while the enlarged lower end or head of the shaft B, immediatelybelow the yoke A, is provided with a coincident circular groove to receive the bardened ring L, in which the balls Krest. The end thrust of the machine is taken up by these balls and the friction between the shaft B and its bearing-surface on the yoke A or frame of .the machine thereby relieved. v

'The enlarged head upon the lower end of the shaft B is in the present instance bored out at M to dispense with unnecessary weight of metal and is exteriorly threaded to receive the interiOrly-threaded upper end of the 'removable socket-piece N,which is adapted to receive in its lower end the drill, tap, bolt, or other tool or part to be driven by the shaft B. A pin O'is passed through the upper end. of the socket-piece N and the threaded lower end of,,t11e shaft B to prevent the socketpiece from becoming unscrewed while the machine is in operation. lVhen it is desired to change the socket-piece to fit some other form of tool than the one being used, the pin 0' may be driven out and the socket-piece re-. moved and a new one put in its place.

Bolted to the upper side of the body of the machine by bolts passing through the valvebox J is a yoke P, Figs. 1 and 2,whose bridge is provided at its middle with a threaded opening adapted to receive either the handle shown in Fig. 2 or the hand feeding devices shown in Figs. 1 and 2. In the latter views there is screwed into the opening in the yoke I the lower end of a threaded spindle Q which is locked in-position by a.nut R" an uponwh'ich fits a cylindrical nut S, provided at its outer end with a central bearing-point" Tand having passed transversely through it a rod or handle U for turning it. In drilling or other work requiring a force feed the point T at the upper end of the nut- U will be engaged with a fixed abutment, while the tool carried by the socket at the opposite end of the machine is engaged with the work and forced against the latter by turning the nut In worksuch as driving stay-bolts in boilers, where a force feed is not required, the

handle shown in Fig. 2 may be substituted V for-the devices shown in Figs. land 2.

The speed of the tool-carrying shaft "11 be regulated by the proportion given the gearing by which it is driven from the main or engine shaft E, wlflch should be arranged to suit tho'work to be done.

My new machine is of such size and weight that it may be readily handled by a single workman and moved by him from place to place and held in different positions, according to the requirements of the work; but where it can be conveniently done it is preferable to suspend the machine from an adjustable ing and countcrbalancing device which will support the Weight of the machine, but permit it to be readily moved by the 'Ullilllitll from one position to another.

I am aware that engines of the type 1 cmploy in my machine have been before used as stationary engines, but so far i am aware I am the first'to soadapt it in size, proportion, and arrangement of its parts and combinev such an, engine with the other necessary elements as to produce a machine of the character described and suited to the purposes and possessing the capabilities of my new machine.

Having thus I clain1 "l. Aanuchino of the character described, composed of the casing" or shell havingthe plurality of cylinders, the crank-shaft eitending'at its opposite ends through-the casing and journalcd t ierein, the pistonsin the cylinders having their rods connected to the crank-shaft, a valve mounted upon the projecting upper end of the crank-shaftwithin a valve-chamber at the upper end of the eascontrolling the ports leading to the outer ends of the cylinders, a pinion fast;- upon the projecting lower end of the crank-shaft, on the opposite side of the casing from the valve, a tool-holdingsha ft journaled in a sup-- port upon the underside of the casing beneath and in line with the projecting lower end of the crank-shaft, a gear fast upon the upper end of said tool-holding shaft, a spindle jourualed in asupportatone side of and parallel with the lower end ol t to crank-shaftand upper end of the tool-landing shaft, and a gear-wheel irnd pinion fast upon said spindle and meshing respectively with the pinion fully described my invention,

upon the h'nver'endbf the crank-shalt and upon the upper end of the tool-holdingshal't,suhstantialiyasdescribed.

9. A machine of the character described, composed of the casino; orshel l havingthepluthe gear whecl .rality of cylinders, the crankshaft-extending-at its opposite ends through the casing and journaled therein, the pistonsin the cylinders having" their rods connected to the crank-shaft, an eccentric valve mounted upon the projecting upper end of the crankshaft within a valve-chamber at the upper end of the casing: and controlling the ports leading to the outer ends or" the cylinders, means for connecting said eccentric valve to and disconnecting it from the shaft and turning it from one position to another thereon, [or the purpose ot' reversing, thciliroction of rotation of the shaft, a tool-holding shaft journaled in a support upon the under sidc ot the casing beneath and in line with the lower end of the crankshaft, and a train of Sl)CCtl-!0ll1lC- lug gearing connecting the lower end of the crank-shalt with the upper end of said too holding shaft, substantially as described.

3 A machine of the character described, cmnposed ol the easingorshell havingthe plurality of cylinders, the crank-shaft extending i ne cted to the crank-shaft l),

at its opposite ends through the ensi'ng'aud journaled therein, the pistons in the cylinders having iheirrods connected to the crankshaft, a valve mounted upon the projecting upper end of the crank-shaft within a valve chamber at the upper end of the casing and COlllP-Tllllllg' the ports leading to the outer-ends of the cylirulers,a tool-holdingshaftjournaled in a support upon the, under side of the easing beneath and in line with the lo'wcrcnd of the crank-shaft, a train of speed-reducing gearing connecting the lowerend of the crankshaft with said tool-holding shaft, and a forcefeeding device at the upper side of the casing above and in line with the upper end of the crank-shaft, substantially as described.

t. A machine of the character described, composed. of a multiple-cyliuderengine, a rotary crank-shaft driven thereby and project lug below the casing" of the engine, an independent tool-holding shaft journalcd in a support upon the under side of the casing beneath and in linewith the lower end of the crank-shalt, and driven by the crank-shaft through a train of speed-reducing gearing, a force-feeding device mounted in a support on ,tho upperside ot' thocasingabovc and in line with the upper end of the crank-shaft, and a circle of antitriction-balls interposed between the tool-holding shaft and the support upon theunderside oi the casing in which said shaft is iournaled, to take the end thrust of the um.- ehine produced by the force-feeding device at its upper end, substantially as described.

5. The combination of the central casing or shell having the integral upper-end erhead ll and the detachable lower end or cup and the three projecting cylinders 1) l) and 1 having the ports li lcadingto their outer ends, the crank-shaft. E projecting at its opposite ends through the upper head I and lower ea p G o! the casing, the pistons G located in the several cylinders and having their rods 1*" connected to the crank-pin oi the. shaft l), the. valve-box bolted to the upper side ot the. head of the casing A, the upper surl'aeeol' said head ll constituting the valve-taco through which the inner ends of the ports K open and being provided with the annular recess L around the shaft E and the circle of ports M connecting said recess with the exhaustehamber within the casing A, and the eccentric valve R S turning with the shaft E within the valve-box J and controlling communication between the interior thereof and. the ports K, and between the portsK and the exhaustreeess L, substantially as described.

(3. The eombinationof the con tral easing or sheliA having the plurality of projectingcylindern, the crank-shalt E extending at its opposite ends through said casing and journ'aled therein, the pistons G located in the several cylinders and having their rods con- 21 valve mounted upon the upper end of the crank-shaft I within the valve-box .l and controlling the ports h leading to the outer. ends of tho cyl- 7. The combination of the central casing'or shell A having the plurality of projecting. cylinders, the crank-shaft E extending at its opposite'ends through said casing and jour-; naled therein, the pistons G located in the several cylinders and having their rods con-' nected to the crank-shaft E, a valve mounted upon the upper end of the crank-shaft E within the valve-box J and controlling the ports K leading to the outer ends of the cylinders, the yoke A secured to,the lower end of the casing A, the tool-holding shaft B journaled in said yoke beneath and in line wlth the lower end of the crank-shaft E, the pinion -H' fast upon the lower end of the crankshaft and the gear 0 fast upon the upper end I of thetool-holding shaft B, the spindle F jourhaled in supports at the side of the shafts E and B, the gear Gand pinion 1 fast upon said spindle and meshing respectively with the pinion H and gear 0., the yoke P secured to the upperen'd of the casing A, the screw shaft B to take the end thrust of the machine Q fixed at its lower end in said yoke-in line with the crank-shaft E, the nut .8 applied to said screw and having the centering-pin T at its upper end, and the circle of antifriction bails K interposed between the yoke A and an annular shoulder ,upon the tool-holding produced by turning the nut S upon the screw Q, substantially as described. 8. A machine of the characterdescribed, comprising a multiple-cylinder engine, a retary shaft driven thereby, the eccentric vaLve mou'nted'upon the shaft and controlling the ports leading from the valve-chamber to the exhaust and to the cylinders,xthe haud. whee1 secured to the eccentric of the valve, for turning it upon the shaft, the dog-fast upon the shaft, and the clutch devices between the hand-wheel and dog for connecting them together at the opposite positions of the hand"- Wheel, for the purpose specified.

9 In a machine of the character described,

the combination of the cylinders D D D,

the pistons G therein, the rotary crank-shaft E, the rodsF connecting said shaft with the several pistons, the eccentric valve mounted upon the shaft E within thevalve-chamber. and controlling the ports leading to the exhaust and to the outer ends of thecylinders, the hand-wheel U secured to the upper end of the stem of the eccentric and provided with a stud V, and the dog W having the "two shoulders and the springs X cooperating with the stud V, as and for the purpose set forth. v

10. A machine of the character described, composed of the casing or shell having the plurality of cylinders, the crank-shaft extending at its opposite ends through said casing' and journaled therein, the pistons in the cylinders having their rods connected to the crank-shaft, the eccentric valve located in the valve box or chamber -at the upper side of the main casing of the machine and controlling the inlet and exhaust to the outer ends of the respective cylinders, the eccentric 'valvebeing provided with an extended sleeve or hub projecting through the upper side of the valve-chamber, and the upper end of the crank-shaft extending" through and projectin g above said valve and hub, a hand-wheel secured upon the upper end of said hub, by

which the eccentric valve may be turned to reverse the direction of motion of the crankshaft, the dog fast upon the upper end of the crank-shaft, aclutch connection between said hand-wheel and dog by which they may be connected with and disconnected from e'achother at will, to connect the eccentric valve with and disconnect it from the crank-shaft,

the tool-holding shaft journaled in a yoke secured to the lower side of themachi'ne', in line with the crank-shaft, and a train of speedreducing gearing interposed between the crank-shaft and tool-holding shaft, for the purpose described. v 11. A machine of the character described, composed of the casing or shell having the plurality'of cylinders, the crank-shaft pro jecting at its opposite ends through the upper and lower sides of said casing and j0ur-- naled therein, the pistons in the respective cylinders having their rods connected. to the crank-shaft, the valve mounted upon the up per end of the crank-shaft within a valve box or chamber at the upperside of thecasing, and operating to control: the inlet and exhaustto the outer ends of the cylinders, the

force-feeding device at the upper end of the machine, the hollow tool-holding shaft journaled in a yoke secured to the under side of the machine, in line with the crank-shaft and having the lower end of the latter fitting within its upper end, a train of speed-reducing gears between said crank-shaft and toolholding shaft, through which the latter is driven --by the former, and ball-bearings intel-posed between the tool-holding shaft and the yoke in which it is journaled, for the purpose described.

v12." A machine of the character described, composed of the casing or shell having the plurality of cylinders, the crankshaft journaled therein and having its opposite ends projecting throughand beyond the upper and lower sides of the casing, said crank-shaft being formed in two parts connected together by one end of its eccentric portion fitted in an eye or opening in one of its arms, the pistons in the respective cylinders having their iorccfculing; device M 0 0:" H10 "am-chine, the hollow ha? .5 journalc" in the yoke J the under side 0511 .10, nmuhhm, 11112110 :111. i, (yank-shaft and having; the 1URY-Ta'xT-JH1 0K 311v latter 131th"; in HR upper 1011s connect cu mounted upon Um sewing and hm b u) the 0: mat-holdingshin shmfamor hnming s'hmt and the jonrnalcd, to fake-the 01:61:11 in M19, r'm J L soared 01 .5: 21m: :ihmfldm'x, far, 

